Machu Picchu & the Sacred Valley

Thr ruins of Machu Picchu rest amid knife-edged ridges and vertical slopes draped in emerald jungle. Hidden from Western explorers until 1911, when a Quechua guide led Yale historian Hiram Bingham to the site. Built on a granite mountaintop close to the sun, its intricate architecture reveals the ingenuity of its 15th-century designers. The site also reflects the Incas' extraordinary knowledge of astronomy, with many elements aligning with heavenly events such as the solstice sunrise. Far below the ruins, the Urubamba River rushes through a green gorge into the Sacred Valley. 

Ecosystem

The Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu is not only a historical and archaeological wonder, but it is also a biodiversity hotspot. The site, nestled in the Andean cloud forests of Peru, boasts an incredible array of plant and animal species.

Machu Picchu’s location at the junction of the Andes and the Amazon has created a unique ecosystem with diverse microclimates. The site spans an area of over 32,000 hectares. This area includes a variety of habitats such as cloud forests, high-altitude grasslands, and wetlands.

Wildlife

The Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu is home to a rich and diverse array of wildlife. Among the many species that call this unique ecosystem home are several iconic animals. These animals have become synonymous with the site.

One of the most famous residents of Machu Picchu is the Andean bear, also known as the spectacled bear. These bears are the only species of bear native to South America. They are easily recognized by the distinctive white markings around their eyes. They are important cultural symbols in Andean mythology and folklore, and have been featured in many local stories and legends.

Another iconic animal found in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu is the Andean condor. The condor is one of the largest flying birds in the world. It has a wingspan of up to 3.2 meters. Thus, these majestic birds are a sight to behold as they soar over the nearby mountains and valleys. The Andean condor is also a symbol of power and strength in Andean culture, and is revered by many indigenous peoples in the region.

The llama is another iconic animal found in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. These agile mammals are known for their soft wool, which has been used for centuries by the indigenous peoples of the Andes. Llamas are also important cultural symbols and are often depicted in Andean art and textiles.

Finally, the puma is another iconic animal found in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. These large, powerful cats are revered by many Andean cultures as symbols of strength and courage. Pumas are rarely seen by visitors to the site. However, they are an important part of the ecosystem. They also play a critical role in maintaining balance and harmony within the local food chain.

Recreational Opportunities

Machu Picchu offers a variety of recreational activities that allow visitors to explore its breathtaking landscapes and rich cultural history. Here are some popular activities:

Hiking the Inca Trail: This iconic multi-day trek is a challenging yet rewarding journey that leads you through the Andean mountains, passing ancient ruins before arriving at Machu Picchu’s Sun Gate at sunrise.

Climbing Huayna Picchu: The steep climb to the top of this mountain offers a bird’s-eye view of Machu Picchu and its surrounding valleys. It’s a strenuous hike but the panoramic vistas are worth the effort.

Climbing Machu Picchu Mountain: Less steep than Huayna Picchu, this trail provides stunning views of the ruins and the Sacred Valley from a higher vantage point, perfect for those who enjoy long, scenic hikes.

Exploring Machu Picchu Ruins: A guided tour of the citadel is a must, where you can explore the Sun Temple, the Intihuatana stone, and the terraced fields while learning about the site’s history and significance.

Birdwatching: The cloud forest around Machu Picchu is home to diverse bird species, including hummingbirds and the Andean condor, making it a great spot for birdwatching enthusiasts.

Visit to Aguas Calientes Hot Springs: After a day of hiking and exploring, relax in the natural hot springs in the nearby town of Aguas Calientes, known for its soothing, mineral-rich waters.

Cultural Workshops: Some tours offer workshops on traditional Andean crafts or cooking classes, where you can learn to make local dishes like quinoa soup or alpaca stew.